Annelated dihydropyridines and the use thereof for preparing pharmaceutical preparations

ABSTRACT

Compound of general formula I ##STR1## wherein A denotes a benzo, indolo or thienyl group; 
     B denotes the group --O--, --S-- or --CHR 5  --, wherein R 5  is hydrogen, (C 1  - 6 )alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; 
     R 3  denotes 2- or 3-thienyl, (C 4  - 7 )cycloalkyl, (C 4  - 6 )cycloalkyl(C 1  - 5 )alkyl or ##STR2## wherein R is (C 1  - 4 )alkyl, hydroxy, --N 3 , halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), CF 3  or (C 1  - 4 )alkoxy, 
     u is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and 
     m, R 2 , R 4 , R 7 , R 8  and R 9  are as defined in the specification, as well as pharmaceutical preparations containing these compounds and the pharmaceutical use thereof.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a division of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/857,643, filed May16, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,968,948, which is a division of U.S.application Ser. No. 08/360,867, filed Dec. 21, 1994, now U.S. Pat. No.5,661,157.

The invention relates to new annelated dihydropyridinoacetic acidderivatives, processes for preparing them and pharmaceuticalcompositions containing these compounds.

Dihydroisoquinolines are known from EP-A 37 934. The compounds specifiedtherein are cardiotonically active and have the effects of increasingcontractility and influencing blood pressure. They have been proposedfor improving blood circulation through the tissues and for improvingthe oxygen supply to the tissues. These possible uses are based on thevascular activity of the compounds. EP-A 251 194 and EP-A 288 048describe how carbocyclically and heterocyclically annelateddihydropyridines have a cardioprotective or cerebroprotective activityand constitute an entirely new type of Ca-antagonistic compounds. WO91/11010 describes the use of such compounds for cerebroprotectiveagents, for treating chronic inflammatory processes and for inhibitingblood clotting and blood platelet aggregation.

The present invention relates to new carbocyclically andheterocyclically annelated dihydropyridines and the pharmaceutical useof these compounds. The new compounds have valuable therapeuticallyuseful properties. They may be used as cardioprotective agents, ascerebroprotective agents (particularly for treating patients who havesuffered a stroke or are in danger of suffering a stroke) and as agentsfor treating chronically inflammatory processes (e.g. bronchial asthmaand arthritis). These compounds may also be used as agents with anantiproliferative effect and as agents for treating ulcerative colitisand Crohn's disease.

The invention relates to compounds of general formula I ##STR3## whereinA denotes a benzo, indolo or thieno group; wherein, if A is benzo, m is2 or 3 (preferably 2, whilst the two R² s are in positions 6 and 7) andthe substituents R² independently of each other denote hydroxy,(C₁₋₄)alkoxy, benzyloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), (C₁₋₄)alkyl,methanesulphonyloxy or methanesulphonamido, or two adjacent substituentsR² may together represent --O--CH₂ --O-- or --O--CH₂ --CH₂ --O--; and ifA is indolo or thieno, m is zero;

B represents the group --O--, --S-- or --CHR⁵ --, wherein R⁵ ishydrogen, (C₁₋₆)alkyl, phenyl or benzyl;

R³ denotes 2- or 3-thienyl, (C₄₋₇)cycloalkyl,(C₄₋₆)-cycloalkyl(C₁₋₅)alkyl or ##STR4## wherein R is (C₁₋₄)alkyl,hydroxy, --N₃, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), CF₃ or (C₁₋₄)alkoxy,

u is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ independently of one another may represent methyl, ethyl,propyl, phenyl or benzyl, but not more than two of the substituents cansimultaneously represent phenyl or benzyl);

R⁴ denotes

(a) branched or unbranched C₃₋₆ -alkenyl which may be substituted byphenyl, or

(b) branched or unbranched C₃₋₆ -alkynyl which may be substituted byphenyl, or

(c) branched or unbranched C₁₋₁₃ -alkyl, wherein the alkyl may besubstituted by

hydroxy, (C₁₋₄)alkoxy,

di(C₄₋₄)alkylamino,

furyl,

pyridyl,

pyrrolidinyl, N-methylpyrrolidinyl,

morpholino,

indolyl,

nitrilo,

thienyl,

adamantyl,

cyclohexyl,

phenoxy,

benzyloxy,

naphthyloxy or

phenyl,

(whilst this phenyl or the phenyl contained in the phenoxy group orbenzyloxy group may be mono-, di- or trisubstituted by hydroxy,(C₁₋₄)alkoxy, benzyloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), CF₃, N₃, NO₂,(C₁₋₄)alkyl, adamantyl, --SO₂ NH₂, NHCOCH₃, --NHSO₂ CH₃ or --C(O)O--R₁₄,[wherein R₁₄ is (C₃₋₇)cycloalkyl or branched or unbranched (C₁₋₆)alkyl,whilst the alkyl may be substituted by phenyl, and this phenyl may bemono- to trisubstituted by halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), CF₃, C₁ - or C₂-alkyl, C₁ - or C₂ -alkoxy]

or may be substituted by the bridge --O--CH₂ --O--), or

by 2 unsubstituted phenyl groups;

(d) ##STR5## wherein R⁶ is (C₁₋₄)alkyl, hydroxy, --N₃, halogen (F, Cl,Br, I),

CF₃, NO₂ or (C₁₋₄)alkoxy and v is 0, 1, 2 or 3,

or the salts thereof with physiologically acceptable acids or complexingagents.

Compounds of formula I form tautomers of formula II ##STR6##

The tautomers can be separated by known methods e.g. by columnchromatography or selective reduction (NaBH₄ or catalytic reduction).

The compounds of formula II may occur in cis- and/or trans-form:##STR7##

If the structure of a compound is not expressly stated, the mention offormula I should be taken as including structure II as well.

In the definitions used in the text the radicals and groups may beidentical or different, i.e. if one of the above-mentioned substituentsoccurs several times in a particular molecule, the meaning can beselected freely within the scope of the definitions provided.

The term alkyl means C₁₋₆ -alkyl and C₁₋₄ -alkyl radicals which may besubstituted or, as alkyl radicals, are part of a functional group suchas alkoxy or alkylthio. The alkyl radicals include methyl, ethyl,n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec.-butyl, isobutyl and tert.-butylradicals as well as the various isomeric pentyl and hexyl radicals, suchas e.g. isopentyl, neopentyl, n-pentyl and n-hexyl radical.

Halogens are fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, preferablyfluorine, chlorine and bromine and to a lesser extent iodine.

C₃₋₇ -cycloalkyl denotes cyclopropane, cyclobutane, cyclopentane,cyclohexane and cycloheptane.

C₃₋₆ -alkynes are the isomeric hexynes, pentynes, butynes and propynes,propargyl being preferred.

C₃₋₆ -alkenes are the isomeric hexenes, pentenes, butenes and propenes,allyl being preferred.

A preferred aspect of the invention consists of compounds of generalformula I wherein

A denotes benzo; m is 2 (whilst the two R² s are preferably in positions6 and 7) and the substituents R² independently of one another representhydroxy, (C₁₋₄)alkoxy, benzyloxy, halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) or (C₁₋₄)alkyl,or two adjacent substituents R² may together represent --O--CH₂ --O;

B denotes the group --O--, --S-- or --CHR⁵ --, wherein R⁵ is hydrogen,methyl, phenyl or benzyl;

R³ is 2- or 3-thienyl, (C₄₋₇)cycloalkyl, or ##STR8## wherein R is(C₁₋₄)alkyl, halogen, (F, Cl, Br, I), CF₃ or (C₁₋₄)alkoxy,

u is 0, 1, 2 or 3, and

R⁷, R⁸ and R⁹ independently of one another may represent methyl, ethyl,propyl, phenyl or benzyl, but not more than 2 of the substituents maysimultaneously represent phenyl or benzyl;

R⁴ denotes

(a) branched or unbranched C₃₋₆ -alkenyl which may be substituted byphenyl or

(b) branched or unbranched C₃₋₆ -alkynyl which may be substituted byphenyl, or

(c) branched or unbranched C₁₋₁₃ -alkyl, wherein the alkyl may besubstituted by

thienyl,

adamantyl,

cyclohexyl,

phenoxy,

benzyloxy or

phenyl

(whilst this phenyl or the phenyl contained in the phenoxy group orbenzyloxy.group may be mono-, di- or trisubstituted by (C₁₋₄)alkoxy,halogen (F, Cl, Br, I), CF₃, N₃, NO₂, (C₁₋₄)alkyl, or--C(O)--O--(CH₂)₁₋₃ --CH₃ or by the bridge --O--CH₂ --O--), or by 2unsubstituted phenyl groups;

(d) ##STR9## wherein R⁶ denotes (C₁₋₄)alkyl, hydroxy, --N₃, halogen, (F,Cl, Br, I), CF₃, NO₂ or (C₁₋₄)alkoxy and v is 0, 1, 2 or 3,

or the salts thereof with physiologically acceptable acids or complexingagents.

Of the compounds I wherein A is benzo, the preferred compounds are thosewherein m is 2 and the two R² S independently of each other representmethoxy, hydroxy, benzyloxy, methyl or chlorine or together represent--OCH₂ O--, whilst the two R² s are in positions 6 and 7, particularlythose compounds wherein R² is methoxy, hydroxy, benzyloxy or methyl, andespecially those wherein both R² s are the same and represent hydroxy ormethoxy.

Particular mention should be made of compounds I wherein R⁴ has one ofthe following meanings:

a) vinyl, preferably substituted by phenyl;

b) unsubstituted C₄₋₉ -alkyl which, if it is branched, contains methylas a side chain or chains;

c) substituted C₁₋₄ -alkyl (preferably C₂₋₃ -alkyl) which, if it isbranched, contains a methyl group as side chain,

whilst the alkyl may be substituted by one or 2 phenyl groups,

phenoxy

benzyloxy

thienyl (preferably 3-thienyl)

cyclohexyl or

1- or 2-adamantyl,

whilst if the alkyl is substituted by a phenyl group or by phenoxy orbenzyloxy, the appropriate phenyl group may be substituted by

methyl,

methoxy (1 to 3 methoxy groups),

Cl, Br, CF₃,

NO₂ or

C(O)O(CH₂)₃ CH₃

d) ##STR10## particularly those wherein R⁴ has one of the followingmeanings: a) R⁴ denotes (C₄₋₇)alkyl;

b) substituted alkyl having 1 to 4 (preferably 2 or 3) carbon atomswhich, if it is branched, contains a methyl group as side chain,

whilst the alkyl may be substituted by one or 2 phenyl groups,

phenoxy,

benzyloxy

thienyl (preferably 3-thienyl) or

cyclohexyl,

whilst if the alkyl is substituted by phenoxy or benzyloxy or preferablya phenyl group the relevant phenyl group may be substituted by

methoxy (1 to 3 methoxy groups),

Cl, Br, CF₃,

NO₂ or

C(O)O(CH₂)₃ CH₃ ;

c) ##STR11##

Particular mention should also be made of compounds (I) wherein B is O,S, CH₂ or C(CH₃)H, preferably those wherein B is O.

Special mention should also be made of compounds wherein R³ representsphenyl (which may be mono-, di- or trisubstituted by methoxy, halogen orCF₉), cyclohexyl, thienyl or tert.butyl, especially those compoundswherein R³ is phenyl, methoxyphenyl, Cl-benzyl, di-Cl-benzyl orcyclohexyl. Also worth mentioning are those compounds wherein R³ isthienyl (preferably 3-thienyl) or tert.butyl.

Emphasis should also be placed on those compounds wherein A is benzowhich is substituted in positions 6 and 7, wherein the two substituentsR² independently of each other represent methoxy, benzyloxy, hydroxy,methyl or chlorine, particularly wherein R² in position 6 representsmethoxy, hydroxy or benzyloxy and R² in position 7 represents methoxy ormethyl, preferably wherein A is the 6,7-dimethoxybenzo group.

Special mention should be made of compounds wherein R⁴ has one of thefollowing meanings: ##STR12## particularly those wherein B is O or CH₂and A is defined as hereinbefore and is preferably 6,7-dimethoxybenzo.Within this group of compounds, those wherein R³ is tert.butyl, thienylor preferably phenyl or cyclohexyl are preferred.

The compounds of formula I may be prepared by methods known per se,preferably analogously to the method described in German PatentApplication P 37 18 570.5, EP 358 957, EP 37 934, EP 251 794 and EP 288048.

In the presence of a condensing agent, a compound of general formula IV##STR13## wherein R², R³, R⁴ and m are as hereinbefore defined and Arrepresents phenyl, indolyl or 2- or 3-thienyl, may be cyclised to formthe corresponding compounds.

Suitable condensing agents for this process are strong Lewis acids suchas phosphorusoxychloride, phosphoruspentachloride,phosphorustrichloride, phosphoruspentoxide, titanium tetrachloride,boron trifluoride, tin tetrachloride, as well as organic acids such aspolyphosphoric acid, sulphuric acid, fluorosulphonic acid andhydrofluoric acid, or mixtures of condensing agents such as a mixture ofphosphorusoxychloride and phosphoruspentachloride, or a mixture ofphosphoruspentoxide and (C₁₋₄)alkylsulphonic acid, e.g. with a P₂ O₅ --content of about 10% by weight.

The cyclisation may be carried out in the presence or absence of asolvent. Any inert solvents are suitable provided that they havesufficient solubility for the reactants and a high enough boiling point,e.g. benzene, alkylbenzenes (e.g. toluene, xylene), chlorobenzenes,chloroform, acetonitrile and decaline. According to a preferredembodiment of the process the condensing agent used isphosphorusoxychloride in admixture with acetonitrile or a mixture of(C₁₋₄)alkylsulphonic acid and phosphoruspentoxide, without the additionof solvents.

Preferably, the cyclisation is carried out withphosphorusoxychloride/acetonitrile or in difficult cases with a mixtureof phosphoruspentoxide and C₁₋₄ -alkylsulphonic acid (preferablymethanesulphonic acid). The reaction can be carried out in a widetemperature range, preferably with heating to 50° C. up to the boilingpoint of the reaction mixture.

The length of reaction required will range from 2 to 15 hours dependingon the starting compound IV used.

Starting compounds:

The ethers of general formula IV may be obtained in accordance with theconventional methods described in the literature. It is preferred to usethe "mesylate and bromide method", particularly the mesylate method.With the preferred process it should be noted that the usual base mustnot be added during the reaction, so as to avoid the formation ofundesirable non-ethereal by-products.

The thioethers of general formula IV may be obtained in accordance withthe conventional methods described in the literature. The "mesylatemethod" is preferred: converting a mercaptan with the mesylate ofN-(2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl)-mandelic acid amide in solvent-free andbase-free medium at 100° C.

The alkanes of general formula IV are obtained by reacting the2-phenylalkylcarboxylic acids with 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenylethylamine toobtain the open-ringed amides (preferably using the carbonyldiimidazolemethod).

The compounds of formula I are bases and can be converted in the usualway with inorganic or organic acids and salts and complex-forming agentsinto any desired physiologically acceptable adducts (salts).

Acids suitable for salt formation include for example hydrochloric,hydrobromic, hydriodic, hydrofluoric, sulphuric, phosphoric, nitric,acetic, propionic, butyric, caproic, valeric, oxalic, malonic, succinic,maleic, fumaric, lactic, tartaric, citric, malic, benzoic,p-hydroxybenzoic, phthalic, cinnamic, salicylic, ascorbic,methanesulphonic acid and the like.

The compounds may be administered by oral, parenteral or topical route.The desired therapeutic dose depends on the indication and formulationused and can be determined experimentally. Suitable forms include, forexample, tablets, capsules, suppositories, solutions, syrups, emulsions,aerosols or dispersible powders. Tablets may be produced, for example,by mixing the active substance or substances with known excipients, e.g.inert diluents such as calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate or lactose,disintegrants such as corn starch or alginic acid, binders such asstarch or gelatine, lubricants such as magnesium stearate or talc and/oragents for obtaining delayed release, such as carboxypolymethylene,carboxymethylcellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate or polyvinylacetate.The tablets may also consist of several layers.

Coated tablets may be produced analogously by coating cores made in thesame way as the tablets with substances conventionally used for tabletcoatings, e.g. collidone or shellack, gum arabic, talc, titanium dioxideor sugar. In order to obtain delayed release or avoid incompatibilities,the core may also consist of several layers. Similarly, the tabletcoating may consist of several layers to achieve delayed release, whilstthe excipients mentioned for the tablets may be used.

Syrups containing the active substances or combinations of activesubstances according to the invention may additionally contain asweetener such as saccharin, cyclamate, glycerol or sugar as well as aflavour enhancer, e.g. a flavouring such as vanilla or orange extract.They may also contain suspension adjuvants or thickeners such as sodiumcarboxymethylcellulose, wetting agents, e.g. condensation products offatty alcohols with ethylene oxide or preservatives such asp-hydroxybenzoates.

Injectable solutions are produced in the usual way, e.g. by addingpreservatives such as p-hydroxybenzoates or stabilisers such as alkalimetal salts of ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, and are thentransferred into injection vials or ampoules.

Capsules containing one or more active substances or combinations ofactive substances may be prepared for example by mixing the activesubstances with inert carriers such as lactose or sorbitol andencapsulating them in gelatine capsules.

Suitable suppositories may be produced for example by mixing withcarriers provided for this purpose, such as neutral fats orpolyethyleneglycol or derivatives thereof.

The compounds may be administered both enterally and parenterally. Aproposed dose for oral use is 0.1 to 500 mg of active substance per doseand from 0.05 to 150 mg per dose for intravenous administration. Thedesired therapeutic dose depends on the indication and formulation usedand can be determined experimentally.

The pharmaceutical compositions are suitable for oral or parenteral andpossibly topical application. The chief formulations used are plain orcoated tablets, ampoules and syrups. The single dose using theseformulations is between 1.0 and 200 mg, preferably 20 to 50 mg per 75 kgof body weight. Generally, 1 to 3 single doses are required per day,depending on the gravity of the case.

The following Examples serve to illustrate the invention:

EXAMPLE 1 O-(3-Phenylpropyl)-phenylacetic acid ##STR14## 7.8 g (0.2 mol)of potassium are dissolved in 136 g (1 Mol) of 3-phenyl-1-propanol byheating to 100° and after cooling to ambient temperature a solution of21.5 g (0.1 Mol) of α-bromophenylacetic acid in 20 ml of3-phenyl-1-propanol is added dropwise.

After 21/2 hours heating to 110° C., 500 ml of diethylether are added atambient temperature and the solution is extracted 3 times with 100 ml ofwater. The combined aqueous extracts are acidified with 30 ml of 4N HClwhilst cooling with ice; the oil precipitated is taken up in ether,washed with water and dried over MgSO₄. After the solvent has beendistilled off, 23.4 g (86.6% of theory) of the desired carboxylic acidether are left as an oily residue which can be used for the followingreaction without any further purification.

N-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-O-(3-phenylpropyl)-phenylacetic acidamide ##STR15##

30.3 g (112 mmol) of O-(3-phenylpropyl)-phenylacetic acid are dissolvedin 250 ml of absolute tetrahydrofuran, combined with 18.14 g (112 mmol)of carbonyldiimidazole and stirred for 2 hours at ambient temperature.Whilst cooling with ice, 20.27 g (112 mmol) of2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethylamine in 50 ml of absolute tetrahydrofuranare added dropwise to this reaction solution and the resulting mixtureis stirred for a further 15 hours at ambient temperature. Then thesolvent is distilled off in vacuo, the residue is dissolved in 250 ml ofethyl acetate, washed 3 times with 100 ml of 1N HCl, twice with 75 ml ofsaturated NaHCO₃ solution and twice with 50 ml of saturated NaClsolution. The ethyl acetate solution is dried over MgSO₄ and evaporateddown in vacuo.

The oily reaction product 44.28 g (91.3% of theory) can be processedwithout any further purification.

Alternative Embodiment N-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-mandelic acidamide ##STR16##

33.2 g (0.2 Mol) of methyl mandelate and 72 g (0.4 Mol) of2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-ethylamine are heated to 160-165° C. under an N₂atmosphere with stirring, for 5 hours using a descending condenser (toremove the methanol released). The cooled residue is dissolved in 300 mlof ethyl acetate, washed twice with 100 ml of 2N HCl, once withsaturated NaHCO₃ solution and saturated NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄and distilled off from the solvent.

The crystalline residue is dissolved in 200 ml of ethyl acetate and thereaction product is precipitated with 160 ml of n-hexane.

Yield: 51.2 g (80.95% of theory), m.p.: 89-91°.

N-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-O-mesylmandelic acid amide ##STR17##

To a solution of 19.6 g (62.2 mmol) ofN-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-mandelic acid amide in 60 ml ofabsolute pyridine are added dropwise, with stirring and cooling, 7.8 (69mmol) of methanesulphonic acid chloride, the reaction solution beingmaintained at -15 to -5°. After 5 hours' stirring at ambienttemperature, 200 g of ice are added and the mixture is acidified with180 ml of 4N HCl, whilst cooling with ice. The acid solution isextracted twice with 400 ml of ethyl acetate and the organic phase iswashed twice with 50 ml of H₂ O and twice with saturated NaCl solution,dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is distilled off in vacuo. Thecrystalline residue is re-precipitated with 100 ml of ethyl acetate and50 ml of n-heptane and 16.3 g (66.6% of theory) of the reaction productare obtained, m.p. 89-90° C.

N-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-O-(3-phenylpropyl)-phenylacetic acidamide ##STR18##

1.95 g (5 mmol) of N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-O-mesylmandelic acidamide are dissolved in 3.4 g (25 mmol) of 3-phenyl-1-propanol and heatedto 100° C. for 30 minutes with stirring. After cooling to ambienttemperature the reaction product is dissolved in 100 ml of ethylacetate, washed twice with saturated NaHCO₃ solution and once with NaClsolution, dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is distilled off in vacuo.

The oily reaction product is purified by chromatography over a silicagel column using ethyl acetate/n-heptane 1:1 and 1.54 g (71.5% oftheory) of the desired ether are obtained in the form of an oil.

(R,S)-(3,4-Dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolin-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2-(3-phenylpropyl)-ether##STR19##

A solution of 44.28 g (102.3 mmol) ofN-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-O-(3-phenylpropyl)phenylacetic acidamide and 46.93 g (307 mmol) of phosphorusoxychloride in 300 ml ofacetonitrile is refluxed for 1 hour in an N₂ atmosphere. After coolingto room temperature the reaction mixture is dissolved in 1 litre ofethyl acetate, washed twice with 150 ml of ice water, 3 times with 150ml of saturated NaHCO₃ solution and twice with 100 ml of saturated NaClsolution, dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is distilled off in vacuo.The residue is dissolved in 110 ml of acetone and acidified withethereal HCl, with stirring and cooling with ice, whereupon 17.6 g(38.68% of theory) of the desired reaction product crystallise out inthe form of the hydrochloride; m.p.: 176-178° C.

EXAMPLE 2N-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-S-(3-phenylpropyl)-phenylacetic acidamide ##STR20##

3.93 g (10 mmol) of N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-O-mesylmandelicacid amide and 4.56 g (30 mmol) of 3-phenyl-n-propylmercaptan are heatedto 100° C. for 30 minutes, with stirring. The cooled reaction product isdissolved in 100 ml of ethyl acetate, washed twice with 20 ml ofsaturated NaHCO₃ solution and once with saturated NaCl solution. Afterdrying over MgSO₄ the solvent is distilled off in vacuo. The oilyresidue is purified by chromatography over a silica gel column usingethyl acetate/n-heptane 1:1 as eluant.

Yield: 2.55 g (56.8% of theory).

(R,S)-(3,4-Dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolin-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2-(3-phenylpropyl)-thioether##STR21##

2.55 g (5.67 mmol) of N-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-S-(3-phenylpropyl)phenylacetic acid amide and 2.6 g (17 mmol) ofphosphorusoxychloride are heated to 100° in 35 ml of acetonitrile for1.5 hours under an N₂ atmosphere, with stirring. The reaction solutionis combined with 125 ml of ethyl acetate at ambient temperature, washed3 times with 25 ml of ice water, 3 times with 25 ml of saturated NaHCO₃solution and once with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄.

After the organic phase has been distilled off in vacuo the oily residueis purified over a silica gel column with ethyl acetate as eluant and1.18 g of the desired reaction product are obtained in amorphous form.

EXAMPLE 3N-[2-(3,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,5-diphenylpentane-carboxylic acidamide ##STR22##

A solution of 3.0 g (11.8 mmol) of 2,5-diphenylpentane carboxylic acidand 1.91 9 (11.8 mmol) of carbonyldiimidazole is stirred at ambienttemperature for one hour and then mixed with a solution of 2.13 g (11.8mmol) of 2-(3,4-dimethylethoxyphenyl)ethylamine in 20 ml oftetrahydrofuran, stirred overnight at ambient temperature and, after thesolvent has been distilled off, the residue is dissolved in ethylacetate. The organic phase is washed twice with 15 ml of 1N HCl, twicewith 20 ml of saturated NaHCO₃ solution and then with a saturated NaClsolution. After drying over MgSO₄ and distilling off the solvent, 4.9 g(100% of theory) of the desired end product are left, and this endproduct is further processed in the form of an oil without any morepurification.

(R,S)-(3,4-Dihydro-6,7-dimethoxyisoquinolin-1-yl)-1,4-diphenylbutane##STR23##

A solution of 4.9 g (11.75 mmol) ofN-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2,5-diphenylpentanecarboxylic acidamide and 5.39 g (35.2 mmol) of phosphorusoxychloride in 40 ml ofabsolute acetonitrile is refluxed for 1.5 hours under an N₂ atmosphere,with stirring. The reaction solution is diluted with 150 ml of ethylacetate and washed successively twice with 40 ml of ice water, threetimes with 30 ml of saturated NaHCO₃ solution and with saturated NaClsolution and the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄. After the solventhas been distilled off in vacuo, the oily residue is dissolved inacetone and acidified with ethereal hydrochloric acid.

The desired reaction product is obtained as an amorphous solid substancein the form of the hydrochloride salt.

Yield: 2.6 g (50.8% of theory)

The following Tables list examples of compounds according to theinvention. These compounds may be prepared analogously to the processesdescribed hereinbefore.

    TABLE 1       -      ##STR24##     No. R.sub.1 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 Mp. °      C. Salt form       1 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR25##      amorph OX     2 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR26##      142-145 OX     3 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR27##      165-168 CL     4 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR28##      176-178 CL     5 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR29##      57-60 OX     6 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR30##      112-114 OX     7 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR31##     8 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR32##     9 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR33##     10 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR34##      123-126 CL     11 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR35##      70-80 OX     12 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR36##      amorph CL     13 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR37##      amorph OX     14 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3      ##STR38##      ##STR39##      amorph OX     15 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3      ##STR40##      ##STR41##      amorph OX     16 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR42##     17 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR43##     18 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR44##      141-143 OX     19 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR45##      143-145 MA     21 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3      ##STR46##      ##STR47##      139-142 OX     22 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3      ##STR48##      ##STR49##      159-163 OX     23 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR50##     24 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR51##      108-110 CL     25 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR52##     26 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR53##      amorph OX     27 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR54##      138-140 OX     28 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR55##     29 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR56##      157-159 MA     30 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR57##     31 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR58##      180-182 CL     32 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR59##      amorph CL     33 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR60##      amorph OX     34 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR61##     35 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR62##     36 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR63##      120-122 MA     37 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR64##      80-100 (Decomposition) OX     38 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR65##     39 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR66##      50-75 (Decomposition) OX     40 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR67##     42 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR68##     43 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR69##      amorph OX     44 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR70##      amorph OX     45 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR71##      60-70 (Decomposition) OX     46 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR72##      124-17 OX     47 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR73##      145-147 OX     48 OCH.sub.3      ##STR74##      C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR75##      138-140 OX     50 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR76##      65-80 (Decomposition) OX     51      ##STR77##      OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR78##      amorph OX     52 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR79##      75-120 (Decomposition) OX     53      ##STR80##      OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR81##      amorph OX     54 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR82##     55      ##STR83##      OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR84##     56 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3      ##STR85##      ##STR86##     57 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3      ##STR87##      ##STR88##     58 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR89##      amorph CL     59 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5 CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.3       60 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5 CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.3 105-110 OX              61 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5 CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.3 82-85 OX       62 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5 CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.3     96-100 OX       63 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5 CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.C      H.sub.3 60-65 OX     64 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR90##      ˜60 (decomposition) OX     65 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR91##     66 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR92##     67 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR93##      150-152 OX     68 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR94##      105-110 OX     69 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR95##     70 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2 -1-Adamantane     155-158 OX     71 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2 -1-Adamantane     72 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2     -1-Adamantane     73 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5 CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2.CH.sub.2     -1-Adamantane     74a OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6      H.sub.5     ##STR96##      135-136 OX

                                      TABLE 2                                     __________________________________________________________________________      #STR97##                                                                      -                                                                           No.                                                                              R.sub.1                                                                           R.sub.2                                                                           R.sub.3                                                                          R.sub.4                   Mp. ° C.                                                                    Salt form                        __________________________________________________________________________      74 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                     #STR98##                          - 75 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                  #STR99##                          - 76 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                  #STR100##                         - 77 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                  #STR101##                         - 78 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                  #STR102##                         - 79 OH OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                         #STR103##                         - 80 OH CH.sub.3                                                                                                          #STR104##                                                                     #STR105##                         - 81 OH CH.sub.3                                                                                                          #STR106##                                                                     #STR107##                         - 82 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3                                                                                                  #STR108##                                                                     #STR109##                         - 83 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3                                                                                                  #STR110##                                                                     #STR111##                         - 85 OH Cl                                                                                                                #STR112##                                                                     #STR113##                         - 86 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3                                                                                                  #STR114##                                                                     #STR115##                         - 87 OH CH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                         ##STR116##                      __________________________________________________________________________

                                      TABLE 3                                     __________________________________________________________________________      #STR117##                                                                                                                              Salt                 No. R.sub.2 R.sub.2 R.sub.3 BR.sub.4 Mp. ° C. form                   __________________________________________________________________________      88 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                   190-192 CL                                                                    - 89                                                                        OCH.sub.3                                                                     OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                         amorph CL                                                                     - 90                                                                        OCH.sub.3                                                                     OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                         185-195 CL                                                                    - 91                                                                        OCH.sub.3                                                                     OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                         #STR121##           - 92 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                #STR122##           - 93 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                #STR123##           - 94 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                #STR124##           - 95 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                #STR125##           - 96 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                #STR126##           - 97 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                #STR127##           - 98 OCH.sub.3                                                                                                                          #STR128##                                                                     #STR129##           - 99 OCH.sub.3                                                                                                                          #STR130##                                                                     #STR131##           - 100 OCH.sub.3                                                                                                                         #STR132##                                                                     #STR133##           - 101 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 t-Butyl                                                                                                       #STR134##           - 103 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                         #STR135##           - 104 OH OCH.sub.3                                                                                                                      #STR136##                                                                     #STR137##           - 105 OH CH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                       #STR138##           - 106 OH CH.sub.3                                                                                                                       #STR139##                                                                     #STR140##           - 107 OH CH.sub.3                                                                                                                       #STR141##                                                                     #STR142##           - 108 OH CH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                       #STR143##           - 109 OH Cl C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                             #STR144##           - 110 OH Cl                                                                                                                             #STR145##                                                                     #STR146##           - 111 OH Cl                                                                                                                             #STR147##                                                                     #STR148##           - 112 OH Cl C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                                             #STR149##           - 113 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 t-Butyl                                                                                                       #STR150##           - 114 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 t-Butyl                                                                                                       #STR151##           - 115 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3                                                                                                               #STR152##                                                                     #STR153##           - 116 OH OCH.sub.3                                                                                                                      #STR154##                                                                     #STR155##           - 117 OCH.sub.3 OCH.sub.3 C.sub.6 H.sub.5                                                                                               amorph CL                                                                     - 118                                                                       OCH.sub.3                                                                     OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                       CH.sub.2.CH.sub                                                               .2.CH.sub.2.CH.                                                               sub.2.CH.sub.3                                                                105-110 OX                                                                     119 OCH.sub.3                                                                OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                       CH.sub.2.CH.CH.                                                               sub.2.CH.sub.2.                                                               CH.sub.2.CH.sub                                                               .3 90-93 OX                                                                    120 OCH.sub.3                                                                OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                       CH.sub.2                                                                      --(CH.sub.2).su                                                               b.5.CH.sub.3                                                                  96-100                                                                         121 OCH.sub.3                                                                OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                       CH.sub.2                                                                      --(CH.sub.2).su                                                               b.6.CH.sub.3                                                                  amorph OX                                                                      122 OCH.sub.3                                                                OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                       CH.sub.2                                                                      --(CH.sub.2).su                                                               b.8.CH.sub.3                                                                  45-53 (decompos                                                               ition) OX                                                                      123 OCH.sub.3                                                                OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                       CH.sub.2.CH.sub                                                               .2.CH.sub.2                                                                   -1-Adamantane                                                                  125 OCH.sub.3                                                                OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                       CH.sub.2                                                                      --(CH.sub.2).su                                                               b.10 --CH.sub.3                                                                amorph OX                                                                      - 126                                                                       OCH.sub.3                                                                     OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                         178-180 CL                                                                    - 127                                                                       OCH.sub.3                                                                     OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                         198-202 Cl                                                                    - 128                                                                       OCH.sub.3                                                                     OCH.sub.3                                                                     C.sub.6                                                                       H.sub.5                                                                       CH.sub.2                                                                      --CH.sub.2                                                                    --CH.sub.3                                                                    144-147 OX                                                                      - 129                                                                       OCH.sub.3                                                                     OCH.sub.3                                                                       #STR159##                                                                     121-124          __________________________________________________________________________                                                               OX             

The present invention also relates to the use of these new compounds.

The compounds are valuable in the treatment of degenerative and necroticdiseases of the brain. It is also possible to provide preventativetreatment for patients who are at risk from such diseases. The effect ofthe compounds is not based on an improvement in the blood flow throughthe tissues. The compounds are therefore suitable for a new kind oftreatment of epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease and particularly fortreating patients who have suffered a stroke or are at risk of sufferinga stroke.

The present invention further relates to the use of the above compoundsfor preparing agents for the treatment of chronic inflammatoryprocesses, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease and agents with anantiproliferative activity. The effect of the compounds can be explainedby their inhibition of the unselective cation channels (UCC).

The pathophysiology of chronic bronchial asthma is based on inflammatoryprocesses which are mediated by the activation of inflammatory cells.(BARNES, 1987; SEIFERT and SCHULTZ, 1991).

The receptor-regulated activation of inflammatory cells (e.g.neutrophilic granulocytes and mast cells or the permanent cell linesHL-60 (human leukemia) cells or sensitized RBL (rat basophilic lymphoma)cells, i.e. those charged with gammaglobulin E) is inhibited,irrespective of the nature of the stimulating agonists (e.g. endothelin,PAF, leukotrienes, chemotactical peptide fMLP or antigen againstsensitized mast cells) by blockers of unselective cation channels (UCC)(RINK, 1990). Through these channels extracellular calcium, which isresponsible for the persistence of receptor-mediated cell activations,enters the cells (PUTNEY, 1990). If this supply of calcium isinterrupted this results in a blockade of the activation of inflammatorycells.

Conventional calcium antagonists of the dihydropyridine orphenylalkylamine type do not inhibit either UCCs or inflammatoryprocesses (WELLS et al., 1986).

As a measurement of the cell activation or as a measurement of theinhibition thereof by UCC blockers, the kinetics of the cytoplasmiccalcium ion concentration in fura-2-charged cells is quantifiedfluorometrically using the method described by GRYNKIEWICZ et al.(1985). This procedure has proved a reliable screening method, withinthe scope of the invention, for detecting UCC blockers.

So-called functional THAPSIGARGIN inhibition has proved suitable for thespecific characterisation of blockers of the unselective cationchannels. THAPSIGARGIN is a tumour promoter described by THASTRUP et al.(Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA), 87, 2466-2470, 1990) which selectivelyand irreversibly inhibits the Ca²⁺ -ATPase of intracellular IP₃-sensitive Ca²⁺ -stores. Consequently the Ca²⁺ -stores are rapidlydepleted. As described by J. PUTNEY (Calcium, 11, 611-624, 1990) thedepletion of these stores constitutes the physiological stimulation foropening up unselective cation channels in the cell membrane. The resultof this is a massive influx of Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ into the cell. Because ofthese properties, Thapsigargin is suitable as an indirect stimulator foragonist- and IP₃ -independent opening up of the unselective cationchannels.

Within the scope of the present invention the Thapsigargin stimulationof unselective cation channels has been carried out successfully on HL60 cells (human leukaemia cells), on hippocampal and cortical neuronecells and on RBL-cells (rat basophilic lymphoma cells) and in this waythe existence of these channels in particular cell lines wasdemonstrated.

The cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺ ]_(i)) plays an important partin the cell proliferation and in tumour growth (for a summary see L. R.ZACHARSKI, Journal of Medicine 19: 145-177, 1988). In particular, theCa²⁺ -influx into the cell stimulated by receptor activation withconsecutive inositoltriphosphate-(IP₃ -)-mediation would appear to be ofcrucial importance for oncogenic cell proliferation (U. KIKKAWA and Y.NISHIZUKA, Ann. REV. CELL. BIOL. 2: 149-178, 1986). This mechanism alsoplays a part in the formation of metastases and in "Multi-DrugResistance". (For a summary see the above-mentioned publication by L. R.ZACHARSKI, J. MED. 19: 145-177, 1980).

This hypothesis is supported by the fact that Thapsigargin, as anindirect stimulator of the unselective cation channels (UCC) not onlyleads to a Ca²⁺ -overload in the cell but is also a highly effectivetumour promoter. (V. THASTRUP et al. Proceedings of the NATL. Acad. Sci:(USA) 87: 2466-2470, 1990). The blockade of the Ca²⁺ -influx by the UCCleads to normalisation of the intracellular Ca-ion concentration andhence to inhibition of tumour growth etc.

Conventional calcium antagonists do not inhibit these UCC. It has beenfound, surprisingly, that the compounds according to this inventioninhibit the influx of calcium into the cell through the UCC.

As shown by S. H. MURCH et al. (Lancet 339: 381-385, Feb. 15, 1992)endothelin I plays an important pathophysiological role in inflammatoryintestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.Using immunohistochemical methods it has been shown that patients withCrohn's disease in the region of the submucosa and patients withulcerative colitis in the region of the lamina propria of the epitheliumof the large intestine show significantly and greatly increasedconcentrations of endothelin I compared with healthy normal people. Itis assumed that the local secretion of endothelin causes massivevasospasms with consecutive disseminated ischaemia with microinfarctswhich are regarded as the actual cause of the above diseases. Thevasospasmogenic effectiveness of endothelin is explained by a Ca²⁺-overload of vascular myocytes. Endothelin primarily triggers an IP₃-mediated intracellular release of Ca²⁺ which is followed by a massivetransmembranal Ca²⁺ -entry through dihydropyridine-insensitive channels.(M. S. Simonson et al. Clin. Invest. Med. 14: 499-507, 1991; T. Masakai,J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 13:Suppl. 5, S1-S4, 1989; D. W. Hay, R. J.Pharmacol. 100: 383-392, 1990). These channels are unselective cationchannels which have also been briefly described as existing in cells ofthe large intestine mucosa. (Chr. Siemer and H. Gogelein, Europ. J.Physiol. 420: 319-328, 1992).

The endothelin-stimulated activation of fura-2-charged human leukaemiacells (HL 60 cells) has proved a suitable screening model for detectingfunctional endothelin antagonists. In conformity with G. GRYNKIEWICZ etal. (J. Biol. Chem. 260:3440-3450, 1985) the intracellular Ca²⁺-concentration in the cytoplasm of HL 60 cells (suspensions) can bemonitored by spectrofluorometry and quantified as a measurement of cellactivation by endothelin. The stimulation was effected by adding 0.1 mMendothelin and could be inhibited in a dosage-dependent manner by meansof the substances according to the invention.

The functional endothelin antagonism of the substances according to theinvention is mediated through a blockade of the unselective cationchannels. Consequently, detection of a functionalThapsigargin-antagonism on RBL-hm1 cells is also a suitable screeningmethod for functional endothelin antagonists.

Carrying Out the Investigation:

For screening purposes, fura-2-charged adhesive RBL-hm 1 cells arestimulated with 0.1 μM Thapsigargin in a Ca²⁺ -free incubation medium.After 4 minutes, extracellular Ca²⁺ is restored to a concentration of1.5 mM and, using the fura-2-fluorescence, the excessive increase in thecytoplasmic Ca²⁺ -concentration caused by a massive transmembranal Ca²⁺-entry through unselective cation channels is recorded.

This entry is to be inhibited solely by unselective cation channelblockers in a dosage-dependent manner. Neither conventional calciumantagonists nor specific blockers of agonists which stimulate the IP₃-turnover are able to inhibit the transmembranal Ca²⁺ -entry triggeredindirectly by Thapsigargin. The compounds of the present invention aredistinguished by their inhibition of UCC.

The fluorometric calcium measurement in the cytoplasm of individualadhering RBL-hm1 cells is carried out analogously to the methoddescribed by KUDO and OGURA (1986) for neuronal cells. An AXIOVERT 35fluorescence microscope made by ZEISS is used in conjunction with animaging system made by HAMAMATSU, consisting of the ICMS-imageprocessing system, residual light camera with control unit and imageintensifier DVS 3000.

The kinetics of the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ -concentration is recordedcontinuously as a concentration/time curve after the cell activationstimulated by Thapsigargin (0.1 μM). The curves of two activated cellcultures are compared in the presence and absence of 10 μM testsubstance. The area under these curves (area under the curve=AUC) isintegrated and recorded as a measurement of cell activation. Theinhibitory potency of the UCC-blockers tested is determined using thefollowing equation: ##EQU1## % H=the percentage inhibition of thecalcium entry through unselective cation channels which is stimulatedand inhibited by 10 μM of test substance.

AUC_(inh) =area under the curve recorded in the presence of thestimulant plus 10 μM inhibitory test substance,

AUC control=area under the curve which is recorded only after theaddition of the stimulant.

Literature Relating to the Above Explanations:

BARNES P. J., I. W. RODGER and N. C. THOMSON

Pathogenesis of asthma, in "ASTHMA, basic mechanisms and clinicalmanagement"

ED by P. J. BARNES; ACADEMIC PRESS, LONDON, 1988

GRYNKIEWICZ G., M. POENIE and R. Y. TSIEN

A new generation of Ca²⁺ -indicators with greatly improved fluorescenceproperties

J. BIOL. CHEM. 260: 3440-3450, 1985

HIDE, M. and M. A. BEAVEN

Calcium influx in a rat mast cell (RBL-2H3) line

J. BIOL. CHEM. 266 15221-15229, 1991

KUDO, Y. and A. OGURA

Glutamate-induced increase in intracellular Ca²⁺ -concentration inisolated hippocampal neurones

BR. J. PHARMACOL. 89: 191-198; 1986

PUTNEY, J. W., jr.

Capacitative Calcium entry revised

CELL CALCIUM 11: 611-624, 1990

RINK, T. J.

Receptor-mediated calcium entry

FEBS LETT. 268: 381-385, 1990

SEIFERT, R. and G. SCHULTZ

The superoxide forming NADPH oxidase of phagocytes: An enzyme systemregulated by multiple mechanism

REV. PHYSIOL. BIOCHEM. PHARMACOL., Vol. 117,

SPRINGER VERL., 1991

WELLS, E., C. G. JACKSON, S. T. HARPER, J. MANN and R. P. EAOY

Characterization of primate bronchoalveolar mast cells II, inhibition ofhistamine, LTC₄ and PGF_(2a) release from primate bronchoalveolar mastcells and a comparison with rat peritoneal mast cells

J. IMMUNOL. 137: 3941-3945, 1986.

Results of Measurement:

The percentage inhibition of UCC after Thapsigargin stimulation (0.1 μMThapsigargin) in RBL-hm 1 cells is given. The uniform concentration ofthe-test substances is 10⁻⁵ mol).

The functional antiinflammatory effectiveness can be demonstrated bymeans of the following test:

Individual RBL-2H3-cells (a tumour cell line related to the mast cells)adhering to glass slides are used.

The cultivation and attachment of the RBL-2H3-cells are carried out bythe method described by HIDE and BEAVEN (1991). In order to sensitisethe adhesive RBL-2H3-cells the cells are incubated for 2 hours atambient temperature with a 1:2000 diluted commercial gammaglobulinE-solution against a dinitrophenol-bovine serum albumin complex(DNP-BSA-antigen). The cells are then washed. By the addition of 0.1 mlof DNP-BSA-solution (10 μg/ml) there is a massive immunological cellactivation which is mediated by a cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ -overload. Thefluorometric calcium measurement in the cytoplasm of individual adheringRBL-2H3-cells is carried out analogously to the method described by KUDOand OGURA (1986) for neuronal cells, which is also explainedhereinbefore in this specification.

The comparison used in these investigations is (10 μM) chromoglycatewhich brings about an approximately 50% inhibition of theantigen-induced cell activation.

In this test the above-mentioned compounds demonstrate % H values whichare comparable with the values specified hereinbefore.

Tests on microcultures of various human tumour cell lines using thetetrazolium assay in order to determine the antiproliferative effect ofthe substances according to the invention surprisingly showed that thecompound tested was 5 to 100 times more potent than the comparisonsubstance Verapamil.

The antiproliferative effectiveness of the test substances wasdetermined by means of the MTT test described by MOSMANN (J. IMMUNOL.METH. 65: 55-63, 1983), DENIZOT et al. (J. IMMUNOL. METH. 89: 271-277,1986) and J. ELIASON et al. (INT. J. CANCER 46: 113-117, 1990).(MTT=[3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide]produced by CHEMICON Inc. El Segundo, Calif., USA). This indicator ismetabolised only by living cells with intact mitochondria into a blueformazane product. The following human tumour cell lines were used inour test: A 549 (adenocarcinoma of the lung), A 431 (epidermal carcinomaof the vulva), PC 3 (adenocarcinoma of the prostate), SK BR 3(adenocarcinoma of the breast), HT 29 (CX1 1) (adenocarcinoma of thecolon) and K 562 (chronic myeloid leukaemia cell).

The test was carried out on microtitre plates. Each well contained 100μl of a cell suspension (0.2×10⁶ cells per ml). The incubation mediumused was RPMI 1640 with 10% heat-inactivated foetal calves' serum and 50μg/ml of gentamycin. The cell suspensions were incubated for 0, 24, 48or 72 hours in air with a humidity at saturation point in a CO₂ (5%)/air(95%) mixture at 37° C., incubated in the presence and absence ofvariable concentrations of antiproliferative test substances. The testsubstances were dissolved in DMSO (final dilution: 0.1%). Then 10 μl ofMTT-solution (3 mg/ml) were added, followed after 3 hours by 100 μl ofan isopropanol solution containing 0.08 N HCl. After a further hour, thelight absorption at 570 nm (comparative wavelength 630 nm) wasdetermined in a microplate reader. The light absorption is directlyproportional to the number of living cells. The half-maximum inhibitoryconcentrations of the substances tested were 1 μg/ml.

The vasospasmolytic effectiveness of the above-mentioned functionalendothelin and Thapsigargin antagonists were confirmed on an isolatedblood vessel preparation: coronary perfusion was continuouslyquantified, on retrogressively perfused, spontaneously beatingLANDENDORFF hearts taken from rats, by means of electromagnetic flowmeasurement (apparatus supplied by Hugo Sachs Elektronik, MARCH). Thismeasuring apparatus could be used to record the extent, duration andpattern of vascular spasms with a high degree of accuracy. If perfusionis carried out with 100 nM endothelin concentration, the coronaryperfusion flow is reduced from 11 to 5 ml/min. The restriction inperfusion can be reversed by means of the substances according to theinvention. The potencies of the compounds according to the inventionwith regard to Thapsigargin inhibition on fura-2-charged RBL-hm1-cellsor the effectiveness of endothelin-inhibition on fura-2-charged HL 60cells correlates clearly with the vasospasmolytic effectiveness of thetest substances detected on the Langendorff preparation. It can beconcluded from this that, underlying the vasospasmolytic endothelinantagonism of the substances tested, there is a blockade of theunselective cation channels.

Examples of Pharmaceutical Preparations

a) Coated Tablets

1 tablet core contains:

    ______________________________________                                        Active substance of general formula I                                                                  30.0   mg                                              Lactose 100.0 mg                                                              Corn starch 75.0 mg                                                           Gelatine 3.0 mg                                                               Magnesium stearate 2.0 mg                                                      210.0 mg                                                                   ______________________________________                                    

Preparation

The active substance mixed with lactose and corn starch is granulatedwith a 10% aqueous gelatine solution through a 1 mm mesh screen, driedat 40° C. and rubbed through a screen once more. The granules thusobtained are mixed with magnesium stearate and compressed. The coresproduced in this way are coated in the usual manner with a coatingconsisting of an aqueous suspension of sugar, titanium dioxide, talc andgum arabic. The finished coated tablets are polished with beeswax.

b) Tablets

    ______________________________________                                        Active substance of general formula I                                                                  30.0   mg                                              Lactose 100.0 mg                                                              Corn starch 70.0 mg                                                           Soluble starch 7.0 mg                                                         Magnesium stearate 3.0 mg                                                      210.0 mg                                                                   ______________________________________                                    

Preparation

The active substance and magnesium stearate are granulated with anaqueous solution of the soluble starch, the granules are dried andintimately mixed with lactose and corn starch. The mixture is thencompressed into tablets weighing 210 mg.

c) Capsules

    ______________________________________                                        Active substance according to formula I                                                                20.0   mg                                              Lactose 230.0 mg                                                              Corn starch 40.0 mg                                                           Talc 10.0 mg                                                                   300.0 mg                                                                   ______________________________________                                    

Preparation

The active substance, lactose and corn starch are first combined in amixer and then in a grinding machine. The mixture is returned to themixer, thoroughly combined with the talc and mechanically packed intohard gelatine capsules.

d) Tablets

    ______________________________________                                        Active substance according to the invention                                                            40.0   mg                                              Lactose 100.0 mg                                                              Corn starch 50.0 mg                                                           Colloidal silica 2.0 mg                                                       Magnesium stearate 3.0 mg                                                     total 195.0 mg                                                              ______________________________________                                    

Preparation

The active substance is mixed with some of the excipients and granulatedwith a solution of the soluble starch in water. After the granules havedried the remaining excipients are added and the mixture is compressedto form tablets.

e) Coated Tablets

    ______________________________________                                        Active substance according to the invention                                                            20.0   mg                                              Lactose 100.0 mg                                                              Corn starch 65.0 mg                                                           Colloidal silica 2.0 mg                                                       Soluble starch 5.0 mg                                                         Magnesium stearate 3.0 mg                                                     total 195.0 mg                                                              ______________________________________                                    

Preparation

The active substance and excipients are compressed to form tablet coresas described in Example a) and these are then coated in the usual waywith sugar, talc and gum arabic.

f) Suppositories

    ______________________________________                                        Active substance according to the invention                                                            50.0   mg                                              Lactose 250.0 mg                                                              Suppository mass q.s. ad 1.7 g                                              ______________________________________                                    

Preparation

The active substance and lactose are mixed together and the mixture isuniformly suspended in the molten suppository mass. The suspensions arepoured into. chilled moulds to form suppositories weighing 1.7 g.

g) Ampoules

    ______________________________________                                        Active substance according to the invention                                                            20.0   mg                                              sodium chloride 5.0 mg                                                        Twice distilled water q.s. ad 2.0 ml                                        ______________________________________                                    

Preparation

The active substance and the sodium chloride are dissolved in twicedistilled water and the solution is transferred under sterile conditionsinto ampoules.

h) Ampoules

    ______________________________________                                        Active substance according to the invention                                                            10.0   mg                                              Sodium chloride 7.0 mg                                                        Twice distilled water q.s. ad 1.0 ml                                        ______________________________________                                    

i) Drops

    ______________________________________                                        Active substance according to the invention                                                           0.70    g                                               Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.07 g                                               Propyl p-hydroxybenzoate 0.03 g                                               Demineralised water q.s. ad 100.00 ml                                       ______________________________________                                    

Preparation

The active substance and preservatives are dissolved in demineralisedwater, the solution is filtered and transferred into 100 ml vials.

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of formula I ##STR161## wherein A is aindolo or thieno group and m is zero;B is the group --O--, --S-- or--CHR⁵ --, wherein R⁵ is hydrogen, (C₁ -₆)alkyl, phenyl or benzyl; R³ is2- or 3-thienyl, (C₄ -₇)cycloalkyl, (C₄ -₆)-cycloalkyl(C₁ -₅)alkyl or##STR162## wherein: R is (C₁ -₄)alkyl, hydroxy, --N₃, fluorine,chlorine, bromine, iodine, CF₃ or (C₁ -₄)alkoxy,u is 0, 1, 2 or 3, andR⁷, R⁸, and R⁹ independently of one another are methyl, ethyl, propyl,phenyl or benzyl, but not more than two of the substituents cansimultaneously be phenyl or benzyl; R⁴ is(a) branched or unbranched C₃-₆ -alkenyl which may be substituted by phenyl, or (b) branched orunbranched C₃ -₆ -alkynyl which may be substituted by phenyl, or (c)branched or unbranched C₁ -₃ -alkyl, wherein the alkyl may besubstituted by:(1) hydroxy, (2) (C₁ -₄)alkoxy, (3) di(C₁ -₄)alkylamino,(4) furyl, (5) pyridyl, (6) pyrrolidinyl, (7) N-methylpyrrolidinyl, (8)morpholino, (9) indolyl, (10) nitrilo, (11) thienyl, (12) adamantyl,(13) cyclohexyl, (14) phenyl, phenoxy, or benzyloxy, wherein this phenylgroup or the phenyl moiety of this group is optionally substituted bythe bridge --O--CH₂ O-- or optionally mono-, di- or trisubstitutedby;(a) hydroxy, (b) (C₁ -₄)alkoxy, (c) benzyloxy, (d) fluorine, (e)chlorine, (f) bromine, (g) iodine, (h) CF₃, (i) N₃ , (j) NO₂, (k) (C₁-₄)alkyl, (l) adamantyl, (m) --SO₂ NH₂, (n) NHCOCH₃, (o) --NHSO₂ CH₃, or(p) --C(O)O--R₁₄, wherein R₁₄ is (C₃ -₇)cycloalkyl or branched orunbranched (C₁ -₆)alkyl, whilst the alkyl is optionally substituted byphenyl, and this phenyl may be mono- to trisubstituted by fluorine,chlorine, bromine, iodine, CF₃, C₁ - or C₂ -alkyl, or C₁ - or C₂-alkoxy, (15) naphthyloxy, or (16) 2 unsubstituted phenyl groups; or,(d) ##STR163## wherein R⁶ is (C₁ -₄)alkyl, hydroxy, --N₃, fluorine,chlorine, bromine, iodine, CF₃, NO₂ or (C₁ -₄)alkoxy and v is 0, 1, 2 or3,or the salts thereof with physiologically acceptable acids orcomplexing agents.
 2. The compound as recited in claim 1, wherein R⁴ hasone of the following meanings: ##STR164##
 3. The compound as recited inclaim 1, wherein R³ is phenyl or cyclohexyl.
 4. The compound as recitedin claim 1, wherein B is O or CH₂.
 5. A pharmaceutical preparationcomprising a compound as recited in claim 1 together with apharmaceutically acceptable carrier.